All badges give out a certain amount of gold each week that you must claim manually on the Wall. The claim period for your weekly gold resets every Thursday, 12 midnight UTC. You can find out how much gold your badges are giving out in total under your Gold balance.
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You can only claim weekly once, so if you mint a badge after you have already claimed, you'll have to wait for next week again. If you miss a week's claim period, you cannot go back to claim it again.